Research Article
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
Muhammed Akpai Amade*,
Peter Luke Oyigebe
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
1-18
Received:
10 February 2024
Accepted:
5 March 2024
Published:
6 August 2024
Abstract: This study was expected to investigate the impact of Budget Deficit on economic growth of Nigeria between 1983 and 2023. Ex – post facto research design was accepted; annual time series data for analyses were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of 2022. Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as the explained or dependent variable proxy for economic growth. budget deficit (BDF), inflation (INF) and money supply (MS) all represent explanatory or independent variables. The study employed Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model which was used to analyzed and evaluate the coefficients of the model’s parameters. Other diagnostic tests employed by this study include; unit root test, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient matrix, Cointegration test and test of Normality, and they confirmed the validity and reliability of the model used; the inferential results showed that budget deficits impacted significantly on the economic growth of Nigeria under the review period. The paper recommended strongly that the country should display a high degree of transparency in its fiscal policies or operations by directing its fiscal deficits present towards investments that will increase productivity such as building roads, providing electricity and encouraging Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). The paper equally recommended inflation targeting in order to achieve a non-inflationary trend economy purposely to achieve the macroeconomic goal of price stability. The policy makers should direct capital and financial resources of government toward targeted programs like employment opportunity in productive ventures.
Abstract: This study was expected to investigate the impact of Budget Deficit on economic growth of Nigeria between 1983 and 2023. Ex – post facto research design was accepted; annual time series data for analyses were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of 2022. Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as the explained or dependen...
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Research Article
Cost-Effectiveness of Rivaroxaban Compared with Other Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation in Public Sector of Malaysia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
19-29
Received:
8 July 2024
Accepted:
2 August 2024
Published:
20 August 2024
Abstract: Despite the amount of research performed, the cost-effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in subpopulations with different risk factors for stroke has been very little studied. This study aims to explore the cost-effectiveness of the DOACs available in Malaysia in preventing stroke in different subpopulations from a government perspective. An existing Markov model was adapted to assess the cost-effectiveness of the DOACs that are available in Malaysia namely, apixaban (AP), dabigatran (DA) and rivaroxaban (RV). Each was compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in stroke prevention in different patient subpopulations including chronic kidney disease (CKD), high-age, diabetes (DM), and prolonged hospital stay. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) benchmarked against the local threshold for cost-effectiveness. The total cost of VKA, AP, DA and RV was Malaysian Ringit (RM) RM9,811 (1USD=RM4.76), RM16,858, RM18,318 and RM20,161 respectively. The quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained compared with VKA were 6.11, 6.09 and 6.15 respectively. The ICER when compared with VKA at base case was 57,539, -90,682 and 68,156 respectively. AP had the most favourable ICER at base case. RV had the best ICER compared to AP and DA in patients with CKD and DM at a willingness-to-pay threshold of 1-GDP. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that RV was consistently the most favourable DOAC under a threshold of 2-GDP for all subpopulations. These findings suggested that rivaroxaban has the most favourable ICER in the CKD and DM patient subgroups for stroke prevention among the DOACs available in Malaysia at a threshold of 2-GDP.
Abstract: Despite the amount of research performed, the cost-effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in subpopulations with different risk factors for stroke has been very little studied. This study aims to explore the cost-effectiveness of the DOACs available in Malaysia in preventing stroke in different subpopulations from a government perspect...
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,
Charles Zheng
